Informe provisional - Informe núm. 207, Marzo 1981

A. Introduction

1. 275. By communications dated 9 September and 15 October 1980 respectively, the Trade Unions International of Workers in Commerce and the Trade Unions International of Public and Allied Employees presented complaints of violation of trade union rights in Turkey, in Case No.
2. 276. In addition, new complaints were presented in Case No. 999 by the World Confederation of Labour (WCL), the Trade Unions International of Workers of the Building, Wood and Building Materials Industries, and the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) on 17 September, 1 October and 17 October 1980 respectively. The WCL sent additional information in support of its complaint on 24 September and 25 November 1980.
3. 277. The Government sent its observations on the two cases in a communication of 3 December 1980. Since that date, the WCL and the WFTU sent certain additional information, in letters dated 6, 9 and 21 January 1981 respectively, which have been communicated to the Government. It sent its additional observations on 28 January and 6 and 16 February 1981.
4. 278. Turkey has not ratified the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87), but has ratified the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98).

B. Allegations of the complainants

1. 279. Since the two cases complement each other on a number of points, the Committee proposes to examine them together. Thus, the Trade Unions International of Workers in commerce, in its communication of 9 September 1980, refers to the arrest of two officers of the Progressive Union of Workers in Banks, Offices, Stock Exchanges, Educational Institutions, Co-operatives and Insurance Companies of Turkey (BANKSEN), Mehmet Tandogan and Fevzi Karadeniz.
2. 280. The Trade Unions International of Workers in Commerce attaches to its complaint a letter published by BANKSEN and dated 26 August 1980, which explains that, following the murder of Kemal Turkler, President of the Metalworkers' Union and former President of the Confederation of Unions of Progressive Workers (DISK), a million workers launched a general protest strike, during which a number of trade unionists were arrested. Although most of them were subsequently released, Mehmet Tandogan and Fevzi Karadeniz, respectively presidents of sections of BANKSEN in Ankara and Diyarbekir, are alleged to have been detained in a military prison on the orders of the commanders of the state of siege of these two cities on charges of obstructing the operation of certain undertakings.
3. 281. Subsequently the World Confederation of Labour, the World Federation of Trade Unions, the Trade Unions International of Workers of the Building, Wood and Building Materials Industries and the Trade Unions International of Public and Allied Employees refer in their communications to the measures taken following the change of regime which took place in Turkey on 12 September 1980. They protest against the banning of the Confederation of Unions of Progressive Workers (DISK) and many of its affiliated organisations. They add that the premises of these organisations have been closed and their bank accounts frozen and allege that large numbers of trade union officers and active trade unionists have been arrested and a general ban placed on strikes.
4. 282. The WCL attaches to its complaint the list, published in the Turkish Official Gazette of 18 September 1980, of the 35 affiliates of DISK and the 47 other trade union organisations affiliated to a number of Confederations, which have been dissolved by the National Security Council consisting of five generals. WCL adds that the Confederation of Unions of Nationalist Workers (MISK) has also been banned; only the TURK IS Confederation, which is close to the Government, can continue its activities, according to the WCL, and its General Secretary, Sadik Side, has become Minister of Social Security.
5. 283. The WCL explains the trade union situation with reference to the economic context. In its view, the International Monetary Fund loan of $1,600 million granted to Turkey in 1980 for a period of three years and the resulting constraints, namely rising prices, restrictions on domestic consumption in order to expand the export sector, the abolition of price controls in the private sector and the placing of the economy in private hands, imply the imposition of austerity on the least privileged sectors of the population, a weakening of purchasing power, which is already very low, and the maintenance, if not the spread, of unemployment. For these reasons, alleges the WCL, the right to strike has been abolished and the militant and representative trade unions have been done away with. In this connection, the complainant adds, there should be no illusions as to the 70 per cent wage increase announced by the Turkish Government since the new regime came into power, since the rate of inflation in the country is 100 per cent. The complainant also denounces the privileges enjoyed by multinational companies, the strangle hold exerted by foreign capital and the economic power of the army, which, it says, is extending its activities not only in electronics and construction but even in the automobile industry, petro-chemicals, the food preservation industry and insurance.
6. 284. More specifically, the WCL states that 935 DISK militants were arrested in a single night; furthermore, it claims, a total of 5,000 persons belonging to trade union organisations at all levels have been arrested in Istanbul alone. Among the latter the complainant mentions the names of Abdullah Bastürk, Fehmi Isiklar, Mukbul Zirtiloglu and Riza Guven, all DISK officers, and Denizmen, President of the BANKSEN Banking Union. According to the WCL the arrested trade unionists are being held in military prisons, their heads have been shaved and they are wearing prison clothing. The period of preventive arrest is said to have been increased from 30 to 90 days, during which time the prisoners have been unable to communicate with their lawyers.
7. 285. The WFTU, for its part, mentions, in its complaint of 17 October 1980, the prohibition of a strike of 60,000 workers in the steel, textile and glass industries and refers to the statements made by the President of the employers' organisation (TISK) welcoming the general prohibition on strikes which in his opinion would result in export profits of $150 million.
8. 286. The WFTU also alleges that Ahmet Hilmi Feyzioglu, legal adviser to the Metalworkers' Union (MADEN IS), died as a result of torture. The WFTU requests that a commission of inquiry should be sent to Turkey in view of the repeated and extremely serious violations of the freedom of association Conventions.

C. Reply of the Government

1. 287. In a reply to the two cases, dated 3 December 1980, the Government gives very general indications of the reasons which led to the assumption of power by the Turkish armed forces on 12 September 1980. The Government explains that the operation was designed to bring about the necessary conditions for the re-establishment and revival of a free, democratic regime, based on respect for basic rights and freedoms, and with all the institutions that such a regime implies. Free trade unions and trade union freedoms are, the Government adds, part of the latter.
2. 288. The Government states that the insecurity and disorder prevailing in the country and the incapacity of the existing structures to halt the dangerous escalation of violence, accompanied by serious political, economic and social problems, made the operation necessary and inevitable. The Government gives the assurance that the only wish of the Turkish armed forces is to restore power to a freely elected civil government. The country is at present in a period of transition in preparation for the future. This delicate task of preparation occasionally requires exceptional restrictions of a temporary nature, such as the suspension of the activities of all political parties and associations. These restrictions are not due to the wish to abolish these institutions, but are dictated by the demands of an exceptional situation.
3. 289. Finally, the Government refers to various declarations of principles on trade union activities and to the Government's intentions as to how the situation should develop. In particular, it says that the Head of State, General Kenan Evren, in a press conference on 16 September 1980, explained that the trade unions will continue their activities in accordance with democratic principles, but that those who wish to exploit the workers and convert them to their own ideology and who attempt to abuse trade union rights will be given no opportunity to achieve their ends. The government programme of 21 September 1980 states that the legislation on collective bargaining, strikes, trade unions and labour will be reviewed and the necessary amendments made in order to restore social peace.
4. 290. In this general context, the Government adds, the main developments of concern to trade union activities since 12 September 1980 may be summarised as follows:
   • (a) strikes and lockouts have been suspended until further notice. This decision should not in any way be interpreted as a denial of the right to strike, but is motivated by the concern to restore much-needed social peace and is accompanied by a series of measures to safeguard the rights of workers during strikes. They have been granted a wage increase of the order of 70 per cent, and dismissals against the workers' will and without misconduct on their part have been forbidden;
   • (b) in order to safeguard public order, the activities of the DISK (Confederation of Unions of Revolutionary Workers) and the MISK (Confederation of Unions of Nationalist Workers) and their affiliated unions have been suspended pending a decision on their future by the judicial authorities. It should be noted that the activities of these organisations, which are under judicial investigation, go beyond trade union action properly speaking;
   • (c) in order to safeguard the financial interests of the unions whose activities have been suspended for over a month and to ensure that their property and assets are properly administered, an Act providing for the employment of trustees by the competent labour courts has just been promulgated;
   • (d) workers who were taking part in collective bargaining which was interrupted following the suspension of the activities of the union which was conducting it will be entitled to the 70 per cent wage increase mentioned above;
   • (e) the officials of the trade unions whose activities have been suspended were invited to place themselves under the surveillance of the authorities. Following the preliminary investigation, those against whom no charges were found were released on 11 October 1980. The others were brought before the court mainly on charges of common offences under existing legislation;
   • (f) the Confederation of Trade Unions of Turkish Workers (TURK IS), the major workers' organisation from the point of view of the number of its members, and its affiliated unions are continuing to function normally.
5. 291. The Government concludes by stating its resolute adherence to the principles of freedom of association and its determination to work towards the establishment of conditions favourable to the full and effective enjoyment of trade union rights under a democratic regime based on the rule of law.

D. Additional information

• (a) sent by the complainants
  • Allegations relating to the prohibition of strikes and collective bargaining
    292. 292 Since then in communications dated 6 and 21 January 1981, the WCL refers to the prohibition of the right to strike and of collective bargaining to explain that the Government is preparing the introduction of "compulsory arbitration". According to the WCL, trade unions will be authorised to function again (and to carry out collective bargaining) and those which do not arrive at an agreement with the employers will have to go before a Superior Arbitration council whose decisions are final. It states that 350,000 workers covered by collective agreements signed before 12 September 1980 had to decide within three days from 1 January 1981 whether to accept the wage increases provided for in the agreements or whether to make use of the provisions in the new financial law.
  • Allegations relating to arrests of trade union leaders and active trade unionists and to the dissolution of the DISK
    293. 293 Moreover, the WCL states that about 1001 trade union leaders and active trade unionists of the DISK and its affiliate organisations have been arrested by order of the Istanbul Court Martial and have been kept in prison for four months without being able to contact their lawyers. They have allegedly been charged with setting up and participating in an illegal organisation aimed at the domination by one class over the other social classes. The civil court of Bakirkoy (Istanbul) is, according to the WCL, in the process of dealing with a preliminary investigation into the dissolution of the DISK.
    294. 294 As regards this last point, on 9 January the WFTU confirmed that the authorities had opened the case of the members of the Executive Committee of DISK who were arrested in May 1980.
  • Another question
    295. 295 Furthermore, the WFTU stated that it is sending a mission to Turkey to make contact with the defence lawyers of the trade unionists before the courts and to contact the appropriate authorities at the Ministry of Labour and to follow the developments in the court cases.
  • (b) sent by the Government
  • Arrest of trade unionists
    296. 296 On 28 January 1981, the Government states as regards the judicial action taken against the trade unionist Mr. Mehmet Tandogan, Chairman of the 4th Region of BANKSEN arrested on 23 July 1980 at Ankara and charged with inciting the staff of certain banks to go on an illegal strike by the court which upheld the charge and ordered his arrest, that he was released on 17 December 1980. As regards the trade unionist Mr. Ferzi Karandeniz, Chairman of the 9th Region of BANKSEN, he has been detained since 24 July 1980 at Diyarbakiz for having incited and forced the members of his trade union not to go back to work as a sign of protest against the murder of Kemal Türkler and was brought before the appropriate court which had ordered his arrest.
  • Right to strike and collective bargaining
    297. 297 On 6 February 1981, the Government adds that since the change of regime there has been no legislative interference to limit or prohibit trade union activities and that the suspension of strikes until further notice is the only temporary restriction in this connection. This restriction was undertaken, according to the Government, in conformity with the provisions of Act No. 1402 on the State of Emergency which was adopted in 1971.
    298. 298 As regards the conclusion of collective agreements still pending, the Government states that an Act providing for the institution of a High Arbitration Commission under the chairmanship of the Chairman of the Court of Appeal and made up of two employers' representatives and two workers' representatives has just been adopted. This High commission is responsible for taking decisions on the conclusion of collective bargaining and for resolving possible disputes. Also, the collective negotiations touching around 450,000 workers could be concluded. This machinery is not aimed at replacing the present system of collective bargaining, but is considered to be a form of appeal in exceptional circumstances explains the Government.
  • Suspension of the activities of the DISK and the MISK
    299. 299 On this point, the Government states that very serious indications apparently proved the existence of structural ties and co-operation between certain illegal clandestine organisations responsible for terrorist acts and some trade unions, as well as of the infiltration by terrorist groups into certain trade union structures. This seems to have led the Government to suspend the DISK's activities. The Government states that the same apparently happened to the MISK which was infiltrated by the extreme right and which explains why its affairs are now within the jurisdiction of the courts. The Government claims that the DISK leaders whose names are listed by the complainants were arrested following a decision by the appropriate court and were accused of contravening sections 141, 142 and 146 of the Penal Code, the provisions of Act No. 1402 of the State of Emergency and those of Act No. 6136 on firearms.
    300. 300 On 16 February 1981, the Government states that the list published in the official Turkish Gazette dated 18 September 1980 does not show the trade union organisations whose activities have been suspended. It does contain the names of all trade unions which exist in Turkey and the names of the Confederations of which they are members. In addition, the Government states that the activities of the Petrol Workers' Trade Union (PETROL-IS), an affiliate of TURK-IS, were suspended on 18 October 1980, but that this decision was repealed on 9 January 1981 since which time this trade union has carried out its activities normally.
    301. 301 Furthermore, the number of trade unionists who have been charged since 12 September 1980 has reached 1,744, 577 of whom have been brought before the courts, 83 of whom have been arrested and the rest released, in accordance with the decision of the court of first instance. However, the Public Prosecutor has appealed this decision to a superior court which held, in their absence, that 223 persons out of those who had been released were to be arrested again. On the other hand the Government states that the period of preventive arrest of 30 days can be extended by judicial decision for periods of 20 days which must not exceed a total of 90 days.

E. Conclusions of the Committee

1. 302. The Committee notes that the complaints contain particularly serious allegations referring to the death, arrest and imprisonment of trade unionists, the banning of a very large number of trade unions, in particular two of the Turkish trade union Confederations, the Confederation of Unions of Progressive or Revolutionary Workers (DISK) and the Confederation of Unions of Nationalist Workers (MISK), to the freezing of their assets and the suspension of the right to strike. The Committee notes the explanations given by the Government regarding the reasons for these measures.
2. 303. Before examining the various questions raised by the complainants, the Committee wishes to express its concern at the gravity of certain allegations and to recall the importance which it attaches to the development of freedom of association in respect of human rights and civil liberties.
3. 304. The Committee notes that the Government has supplied no information on the alleged death from ill-treatment of Ahmet Hilmi Feyzioglu, legal adviser to the Metalworkers' Union. In this regard, given the seriousness of the allegation, the Committee can only urgently request the Government to state whether it is true that this person is no longer alive, to undertake as soon as possible an independent judicial inquiry with a view to elucidating the facts in full, determining responsibilities and punishing the guilty parties, and to communicate the results of the inquiry.
4. 305. Regarding the present situation of the imprisoned officers of BANKSEN whom the complainants mention by name, the Government states that they have been charged with incitement to an illegal strike and brought before the courts. One of them, Mehmet Tandogan, was released on 17 December 1980 and the other Ferzi Karandeniz, has been in detention since 24 July 1980.
5. 306. On this point, the Committee notes with concern that a trade unionist had been imprisoned for six months for reasons connected with a strike and that another is still in prison after eight months for the same reason. The Committee must point out that measures of imprisonment for such reasons' involve a serious risk of abuse and grave danger for freedom of association. While noting that one of the two trade unionists to whom the complainants refer has been released, the Committee requests the Government to review the situation as regards the other trade unionists.
6. 307. As for the arrest of about 100 trade union leaders and active trade unionists whose names are listed in the annex, the Committee notes that, according to the Government, they have been charged with common offences, in particular, contraventions of sections 141, 142 and 146 of the Penal Code, the provisions of Act No. 1402 on the State of Emergency and those of Act No. 6136 on firearms.
7. 308. The above-mentioned sections of the Penal Code provide for penalties of up to 15 years solitary confinement with hard labour for those who create the domination by one class over the other social classes and who form associations aimed at reversing the fundamental social and economic order of the country. Those who had several such associations will receive the death sentence. The sentence to solitary confinement will be tripled for those who have committed these crimes in trade unions or workers' associations (section 141 of the Penal Code). Section 142 sentences those who are involved in propaganda for the establishment of domination by one class over the other social classes and for the reversal of the fundamental social and economic order of the country to up to 10 years' solitary confinement with hard labour. Where these acts are committed through the means of publications, the sentence is doubled. Where trade unionists commit these acts, the sentence is tripled. Section 146 provides for the death sentence for those who attempt a coup d'état against the National Assembly set up under the Constitution. Moreover, Act No. 1402 of 1971 on the State of Emergency provides for imprisonment of persons who participate in illegal meetings or strikes. Finally, the arrested trade unionists, and others, also face prosecution under the Act on firearms.
8. 309. The Committee notes with deep concern that the imprisoned trade union militants and leaders face extremely heavy penalties and that these penalties can be exacerbated for the mere fact that they are trade unionists. On this point the Committee wishes to stress, as it has already done in earlier cases, that although the fact of exercising trade union activity or holding trade union office does not give immunity from the application of normal penal law, such provisions which discriminate against trade unionists constitute a serious impediment to the exercise of trade union rights.
9. 310. Regarding the period of preventive arrest which can be raised from 30 to 90 days, the Committee must in any case point out the importance which should be attached to the principle that any person who is arrested should enjoy the guarantees of due process of law in conformity with the international Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, in other words, in particular, that all detainees must be allowed the necessary facilities for the preparation of their defence and should be able to communicate with the counsel of their own choice. The Committee requests the Government to continue to supply information on the development of the situation of the persons imprisoned at present, in particular, on all measures of release which might be taken, and in the case of sentences, to send the judgements concerned together with the reasons adduced therefore.
10. 311. As regards the suspension of the Confederation of Unions of Progressive or Revolutionary Workers (DISK) and the Confederation of Unions of Nationalist Workers (MISK) and the trade union organisations affiliated to them, the Committee wishes to stress the principle that trade union organisations must not be liable to be dissolved by administrative authority. The Committee wishes to lay particular emphasis on this point in the present case, inasmuch as the measures in question affect two of the three Turkish trade union Confederations and thus have serious consequences for the defence of the occupational interests of a large number of workers in the country.
11. 312. The complainants also mention the general suspension of the right to strike and the right to collective bargaining. In this connection it appears that collective bargaining had been frozen for some months and that recently adopted legislation once again allows the development of it and the intervention of a High Arbitration Commission of a tripartite structure to control any disputes on hand in case of failure of negotiations. The Committee cannot comment fully on this point without having at its disposal the text of the legislation in question. It accordingly requests the Government to communicate this text.
12. 313. Nevertheless, the Committee wishes to recall here and now that if, in the interests of a policy of economic stabilisation, a government considers that wages are to be fixed or increased by unilateral decision of the authorities and may not be determined freely by means of collective bargaining, such a restriction must be applied as an exceptional measure and limited to what is strictly indispensable; it must not be applied beyond a reasonable period and must be accompanied by appropriate guarantees to safeguard the workers' standard of living.
13. 314. Regarding the suspension of the right to strike, the Committee wishes to recall further that measures of this type constitute a major restriction on one of the essential means whereby the workers and their organisations can promote and defend their interests and that they should be imposed solely as temporary measures in a situation of acute national crisis.

Z. ANNEX

• THOSE UNDER DETENTION
  1. 1 BASTURK, Abdullah President of DISK. President of GENEL-IS (Public Services Union) affiliated to DISK. (150,000 members). DAVUTPASA prison
  2. 2 ISIKLAR, Fehmi General Secretary of DISK. Member of the metalworkers' union affiliated to DISK (MADEN-IS). Formerly Head of the Workers' Committee of the PRP of Ecevit. DAVUTPASA prison
  3. 3 GUVEN, Riza Member of the Management Committee of DISK. Formerly President of the textile workers' union (TEKSTIL) affiliated to DISK. DAVUTPASA prison
  4. 4 ZIRTILOGLU, Mukbil Member of the Management Committee of DISK. Formerly President of the hotel-restaurant workers' union (OLEYIS). DAVUTPASA prison.
  5. 5 CELEBI, Süleyman Member of the Management Committee of DISK. Member of the Management Committee of textile workers' union (TEKSTIL). DAVUTPASA prison
  6. 6 NEBIOGLU, Kemal Former member of the Management Committee of DISK. Formerly President of the food workers' union GIDA-IS affiliated to DISK. DAVUTPASA prison
  7. 7 DOGRULAR, Sadik Member of the Management Committee of KERAMIK-IS (ceramic workers' union) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  8. 8 UNAL, Esmail Hakki Member of the Executive Board of DISK. Member of the Management Committee of public services union (GENEL-IS) affiliated to DISK DAVUTPASA prison
  9. 9 TUNCAY, Demirhau Member of the Executive Board of DISK. President of the food workers' union (DIGA-IS) affiliated to DISK. Active member of the PEP of Ecevit. METRIS prison
  10. 10 BUDAK, Ridvan Member of the Executive Board of DISK. President of the textile workers' union affiliated to DISK (TEKSTIL). METRIS prison
  11. 11 KARADUMAN, Huseyin General Secretary of the Management Committee of textile workers' union (TEKSTIL) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  12. 12 USTA, Azmi Member of the Management Committee of textile workers' union (TEKSTIL) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  13. 13 YALNIZ, Durmus Ali President of the rubber workers' union (LASTIK-IS) affiliated to DISK. DAVUTPASA prison
  14. 14 KUCUK, Celal - General Secretary of the rubber workers' union (LASTIK-IS) affiliated to DISK. Member of the Executive Board of DISK. DAVUTPASA prison
  15. 15 AKMAN, Kenan Former President of the rubber workers' union affiliated to DISK (LASTIK-IS). Member of Parliament from the PRP of Ecevit for the Kocaeli region. Member of the Executive Board of DISK. METRIS prison
  16. 16 KUAS, Niyazi Member of the Management Committee of the rubber workers' union (LASTIK-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  17. 17 TUT, Erdogan Member of the Management Committee of the rubber workers' union (LASTIK-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  18. 18 BEKIROGULLARI, M. Member of the Executive Board of rubber workers' union (LASTIK-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  19. 19 OZKAN, Osman Member of the Executive Board of rubber workers' union (LASTIK-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  20. 20 SAHIN, Burhan President of the graphical workers' union (BASIN-IS) affiliated to DISK DAVUTPASA prison
  21. 21 AKTULGALI, Mustafa Former member of the Management Committee of DISK. President of the ceramic workers' union (KERAMIK-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  22. 22 KOC, Aksin President of the office workers' union (FINDIK-IS) affiliated to DISK METRIS prison
  23. 23 ERCAN, Sevki President of the transport workers' union (NAKLIYAT-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  24. 24 HALIZ, Duzgun President of the health workers' union (DEVRIMCI SAGLIK-IS) affiliated to DISK. DAVUTPASA prison
  25. 25 ARIKAN, Yasar President of glass workers' union (HUR CAM-IS) affiliated to DISK METRIS prison
  26. 26 DAGDELEN, Alpaslan President of the paper workers' union (TUMKA-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  27. 27 DUMEN, Ayhan President of the military ship-building workers' union (ASTER-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  28. 28 ERDEM, Ergun President of the Discipline Committee of DISK. METRIS prison
  29. 29 CANTEKIN, Ismet Member of the Executive Board of DISK. Regional Director of DISK for the Bursa Region. METRIS prison
  30. 30 MIHLACI, Mehmet Member of the Management Committee of the food workers' union (GIDA-IS) affiliated to DISK. Member of the Executive Board of DISK. METRIS prison
  31. 31 AYVAZ, Ibrahim Member of the Executive Committee of KERAMIK-IS (ceramic workers' union) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  32. 32 YEMEN, Mehmet Member of the Executive Committee of KERAMIK-IS (ceramic workers' union) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  33. 33 ERGUL, Nazmi Member of the Executive Committee of KERAMIK-IS (ceramic workers' union) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  34. 34 DURUK, Remzi Chief T. union representative at AKCIMENTO Cement Factory (affiliated to DISK). METRIS prison
  35. 35 ALGUL, Hasan Region T union representative of metalworkers' union for Levent Region (affiliated to DISK). METRIS prison
  36. 36 DEMIRCI, Mustafa Regional T union representative of metalworkers' union for Istanbul (affiliated to DISK). METRIS prison
  37. 37 YAKIN, Seref Regional T union representative for metalworkers' union for Istanbul (affiliated to DISK). METRIS prison
  38. 38 KAHRAMAN, Seref Chief trade union representative at BIMAK factory - metalworkers' union affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  39. 39 CAN, Belgüzar Member of Executive Board of DISK and member of Management Committee of GENEL-IS (public service workers' union). DAVUTPASA prison
  40. 40 AYKUT, Ali Member of the Executive Committee of TEKSTIL affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  41. 41 AKMAN, Kemal Regional Director for the food workers' union (GIDA-IS) for Sisli (affiliated to DISK). METRIS prison
  42. 42 DOGAN, Hakki Chief trade union representative for metalworkers' union affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  43. 43 SAYIN, Selahattin Member of the Executive Committee of DISK and President of gas, electricity, waterworkers' union (TEK GES-IS) affiliated to DISK. DAVUTPASA prison
  44. 44 ATAY, Mehmet. President of Istanbul section of office workers' union (SOSYAL-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  45. 45 YASAROGLU, Ali Member of Executive Board of hotel-restaurant workers' trade union (OLEYIS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  46. 46 OLMEZ, Hikmet General Secretary of shoe and leather workers' union (ILARICI DEBI-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  47. 47 ERTAS, Feridun President of glass workers' union (HUR CAM-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  48. 48 ILKAN, Ruhi Chief trade union representative of hotel-restaurant workers' trade union (OLEYIS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  49. 49 ALTAR, Cemil President of Istanbul section of public service union (GENEL-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  50. 50 ATES, Alev President of woodworkers' trade union (ASIS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  51. 51 KOMAC, Vehbi Member of Management Committee of food workers' union (GIDA-IS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  52. 52 GELIK, Kemal Regional Director of ceramic workers' trade union (KERAMIK-IS) for Eskisehir province, affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  53. 53 CALISKAN, Tahsin Chief trade union representative of the metalworkers' union (MADEN-IS) for UZEL factory, affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  54. 54 AKAR, Kemal Regional Director of hotel-restaurant workers' union for Istanbul (OLEYIS) affiliated to DISK. DAVUTPASA prison
  55. 55 DEMIROK, Nizamettin Regional Executive Committee member of hotel-restaurant workers' union (OLEYIS) for Istanbul affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  56. 56 KURHAN, Mustafa Secretary of Regional Committee of hotel-restaurant workers' union (OLEYIS) affiliated to DISK. METRIS prison
  57. 57 AKPINAR, Naci Member of the Executive Board of textile workers' union (TEKSTIL) affiliated to DISK. DAVUTPASA prison
  58. 58 FEVZI, Karadeniz Chairman of the Regional Committee of the bank trade union BANKSEN
  59. 59-90. ASLAN, Celal - BAYRAMOGLU, Erdogan - DIKICI, Suleyman - YALCIN, Riza - CERTEL, Zeki - CAM, Salih - CIMLI, Hamit - DEMIR, Avni - and SUBASI, Muzaffer SAADET, Hasan - UGURLU, Ihsan - BILGIN, Kemal - YILDIRIM, Dursun - AKALAR, Rasit - ERDEM, Nürhet - SODER, Miharrem - DEMIRBAS, Nevrat - PAZARLI, Metin - BOZDOGAN, Necdet - KARLI, Hüseyin - ATESLI, Fahrettin - CAK, Necdet - OZCAN, Yusufi - KAYABAS, Huseyin - TANTA, Fikri - GULTEKIN, Munir - DOGAN, Hakki ERSAN, Metin - KENDIRLI, Rifat - NAZ, Birol - SUSLU, Salik - CALISKAN, Omer - BEREKET, Necati - SAHIN, Mustafa
• (Militants of DISK affiliated unions at different military prisons).